Strategic Management Analysis Starbucks Coffee Company

Presentation Starbucks Corporation is a private constrained organization that was set up in 1971. The firm works inside the claim to fame diners industry. Upon its origin, the firms’ activity involved broiling and retailing ground and entire espresso beans, flavors, and tea. Its tasks were exclusively based at Seattle’s Pike Place market.Advertising We will compose a custom evaluation test on Strategic Management Analysis: Starbucks Coffee Company explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Due to its concentration to accomplish an ideal piece of the pie both locally and universally, the firm as of now works around 18,000 retail locations, which are situated in 60 nations. The firm has embraced an interesting crucial involves rousing and sustaining the human soul. With an end goal to situate itself in the market, Starbucks has embraced an extraordinary market system, which involves item separation and development. The firm has accomplished this objective by m anaging forte items. Throughout the years, Starbucks has kept on giving a wide scope of refreshment items, for example, espresso, tea, and juices. The firm likewise manages an assortment of new food things, for example, baked goods, servings of mixed greens, and oats. Its item separation methodology has empowered Starbucks to consolidate premium-valuing technique. In accordance with its separation system, Starbuck has received an extraordinary promoting methodology. The firm has accomplished this target by receiving whimsical advertising systems. The firm doesn't participate in forceful showcasing procedures, for example, promoting, however rather it centers around marking and elevated level advertising utilizing collusions, organizations, and informal (Larson 2009). The absolute best showcasing methodologies that the firm has embraced incorporate arrangement of great espresso items, guaranteeing an elevated level of consumer loyalty, and setting up itself as the third spot for shop pers to belittle among home and work, brand promoting, and building up a Starbucks’ people group. By receiving the one of a kind advertising procedures, Starbucks has situated itself as a market chief in an industry that is progressively getting serious. In an offer to build up a superior comprehension of Starbucks, the paper involves a nitty gritty examination of Starbucks inner and outer condition. An examination of the inner condition comes out unmistakably during the time spent endeavor an exhaustive key administration investigation. Market Environment Analysis Firms face various variables exuding from the outer business condition, which makes it principal for firms’ supervisory groups to build up a far reaching comprehension of the earth in which they work (Kotter Schlesinger 2008, p. 136). Market condition investigation should consider the large scale condition, for example, the financial, political, lawful, social-social, and mechanical situations (Gilligan Hird 2008, p. 36).Advertising Looking for appraisal on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The investigation should likewise fuse microenvironment examination, which involves assessing the business where a firm works. The miniaturized scale and full scale situations differ across nations. In this way, it is fundamental for firms’ supervisory groups to lead an investigation of the large scale condition of the nation in which they work. Large scale condition investigation One of the models that firm’s supervisory group ought to attempt is the PESTLE model in an offer to embrace showcase condition examination adequately. In its UK showcase, Starbucks’ activities are affected by changes in the full scale condition. PESTLE examination of the UK showcase. World of politics The UK has kept on encountering a significant level of political strength. Therefore, generally neighborhood and remot e financial specialists see the UK as an appealing venture goal. The UK is an individual from various financial mix and exchanging alliances, for example, the G20 and the Euro Zone. This viewpoint builds the likelihood of Starbucks showcasing its items to an enormous number of nations in Europe. Organizations working in the UK profit by the duty free market due to being an individual from the European Union. The UK is additionally in an organized commerce concurrence with Liechtenstein, Switzerland, and Norway. The UK is additionally an individual from the Organization for Economic Co-activity and Development (OECD). As a worldwide organization, Starbucks sources its crude materials from various nations through bringing in. One of primary difficulties that the firm encounters in its bringing in process identifies with the presence of worldwide exchange guidelines and duties. These taxes may antagonistically influence the firm’s intensity in the UK advertise. Monetary conditio n The worldwide financial condition has gotten extremely unique in the course of the last multi decade. The adjustments in the financial condition have antagonistically influenced firms in various monetary divisions. The 2007/2008 monetary downturn stands apart as one of the most exceedingly awful financial downturn of the 21st century. Because of the downturn, Starbucks encountered a decrease in its business income, which happened because of decrease in the consumers’ buying power. The downturn prompted an augmentation in the pace of joblessness accordingly decreasing the consumers’ capacity to buy, and in this manner there was an adjustment in the consumers’ utilization behaviours.Advertising We will compose a custom appraisal test on Strategic Management Analysis: Starbucks Coffee Company explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, buyers who recently managed Starbucks’ items got unfit to buy similar items. Most buyers balanced their ways of managing money by being careful in their optional spending. Accordingly, customers turned out to be more worried about buying necessities instead of extravagances. The consumers’ viewed strength items as extravagances. The 2012 sovereign obligation emergency being knowledgeable about the Euro Zone is additionally antagonistically influencing business activities in the UK. Following the emergency, the UK has encountered an augmentation in the pace of joblessness to 11.2 percent (Cha 2012). Therefore, the consumers’ spending has declined essentially. The emergency has tossed UK shoppers into profound vulnerability regarding their financial future. In light of their vulnerability, customers have decreased their spending on both of all shapes and sizes things, for example, vehicles and some espresso. The serious idea of the emergency has constrained the Moody’s (FICO assessment organization) to consider minimizing the country’s rating from its present AAA. This move will unfavorably influence the country’s intensity and appeal (This Money 2012). Social condition The predominant social patterns in the UK present an open door for Starbucks to showcase its items. Most UK shoppers spend a generous sum on espresso. It is evaluated that roughly 511 million cups are expended in the UK consistently. The biggest level of espresso utilization happens in shopping centers and establishments, for example, Starbucks. UK shoppers significantly appreciate unwinding as they drink some espresso (Walsh 2011). Thusly, there is a high likelihood of the firm expanding its business income. Changes in customer tastes and inclinations can unfavorably influence Starbucks’ deals. Buyers may move to forte espresso items offered by its rivals. The high rate at which purchasers are turning out to be wellbeing cognizant in their utilization examples may influence the firm’s future tasks. In this way, to adjust itself to these chang es, it is basic for Starbucks’ supervisory group to lead a nonstop examination of the overarching social condition. Innovative condition The UK has encountered a flood of mechanical headways over the previous decades, and to profit by these changes, it is significant for Starbucks to execute the fundamental mechanical changes. UK shoppers have gotten innovatively adroit in their buying designs. With an end goal to abuse this marvel, Starbucks has grasped another cell phone installment framework. The framework has assumed an imperative job in decreasing lining at its outlets particularly during top occasions. Moreover, the development of informal communities likewise presents an open door that the firm can misuse. Through these person to person communication destinations, Starbucks can connect with its clients through communication.Advertising Searching for appraisal on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Legitimate condition In an offer to improve the country’s intensity, the UK government has actualized various measures, which make the UK exceptionally alluring to nearby and outside financial specialists. One of the courses through which the UK government has accomplished this objective is by perceiving protected innovation rights, for example, licenses, copyrights, and trademarks. By guaranteeing a viable lawful condition, Starbucks has figured out how to work adequately in the UK. The UK government has additionally settled 21 new endeavor zones. The zones target animating monetary development in certain zones in the UK. Besides, to draw in financial specialists in such zones, the UK government has executed a 5-year charge occasion adding up to GBP 275,000. The UK government has not consolidated any trade control that would influence settlement of sovereignties, patent expenses, and profits (Deloitte, 2011). Microenvironment investigation Porter’s five powers In an en deavor to prevail in their individual ventures, it is fundamental for firms’ supervisory groups to comprehend the common business elements. One of the routes through which a firm can comprehend the business where it works is by considering the Porter’s five powers model (Grundy 2006, p. 215). The model assess

The Murray Darling Basin: An Analysis

The Murray Darling Basin: An Analysis The Murray-Darling Basin covers 1,061,469 square kilometers or around one-seventh (14%) of the absolute territory of Australia. The Three longest waterways in Australia the (Darling River, the Murray stream, The Murrumbidgee stream) all go through the Murray-Darling Basin. The Murray Darling Basin is home to the most differing biological system in Australia. It has at any rate 35 imperiled types of flying creatures, 16 types of jeopardized well evolved creatures and more than 35 distinctive local fish species. Lamentably 20 types of warm blooded creatures have just gotten wiped out. It underpins hydroelectricity, water system, local, mechanical, recreational and relaxation exercises. It additionally delivers over 40% of all Australian yield which is utilized in residential and abroad markets. The point of this report is to take a gander at the three primary issues with respect to the Murray Darling Basin; the water quality, Droughts and Flood in the stream and Blue-Green Algae. This report ponders a portion of the impacts these issues are having on the Murray Darling Basin. The last area of this report will make a few suggestions to tackle these issue. These issues are affecting the soundness of the Murray River and are harming it at this very moment. Current safety measures and projects have not had the option to capture natural harm. Blue Green Algae Blue green growth are a sort of microbes known as Cyanobacteria. Blue green growth are a characteristic piece of the freshwater condition. In good conditions they repeat at high rates to frame sprouts which are blasts in development that overwhelm the oceanic condition, shaping scums that can be poisonous. Blue green growth meddle with different employments of the water and can influence human wellbeing and have expansive ramifications for nature and the economy. Green growth need stable water sections, Nutrients and daylight to blossom. In the event that these components all consolidate together and, at that point endure for a couple of days, blue green growth cells will collect in the surface layer of the water body and if the conditions continue for a few days or more, the cells can increase to sensational numbers in the long run shaping a sprout. They need almost no stream, quiet climate with practically no wind and hot radiant days; these elements permit the water segment to delineate, which is the place a layer of warm surface water stays unmixed with the cooler, more profound water. Separation can likewise come about because of contrasting densities through the water section, where saltier, denser water at the base stays unmixed with the fresher surface water above. There are numerous Dams worked along the Murray-Darling Basin which confine the progression of the stream (next to zero stream). As we are perhaps the most sizzling country on the planet it is normal to have blistering climate. European cultivating have expelled 15 billion trees. They: Impact water quality by starting unfortunate tastes and smells Discolouration and ugly scums. Are harmful with certain species creating poisons Can cause liver harm, stomach agitates and disarranges of the sensory system in people. Contact with high centralizations of blue-green development can bring about skin and eye aggravations. In spite of the fact that: Each State has broad checking game plans to distinguish and quantify green growth far reaching crisis plans for managing algal sprouts definite courses of action for alarming the general population about wellbeing dangers Water flexibly specialists have propelled treatment strategies to expel broke up poisons. The issue of Algae is as yet a major danger to the bowl and it is expanding. I instruct the development concerning more sewage treatment plants along the Murray-Darling Basin. Rather than dumping the sewage straight into the Basin it is astute to treat the water before dumping the water into the Basin or we could re-utilize the water after it is dealt with. I will likewise prefer to prescribe to build the progression of the stream. A major machine like a blender be planed inside the bowl which would mix the water in the waterway forestalling Algae to blossom. On the off chance that such innovation isn't accessible, at that point possibly the administration would consider to support specialists to think of a gadget/machine like portrayed above or far superior. Changes in Drought and Flood designs Dry spell and flood are a characteristic marvel in the Murrayâ€Darling Basin. All through wet years, the surges of the Basin will flood into floodplains. Anyway during times of dry spell the waterways become strings of detached waterholes along the course of the riverbed. By and large, the regular stream into the Basin is around 33,000 GL every year except this fluctuates extraordinarily from year to year. Human employments of water has exceptionally directed the framework with numerous structures, for example, dams, secures and weirs coming about expanding sway on both dry spell and flood. After very nearly a time of dry spell, an arrival to wetter conditions all through the Basin in 2010 prompted far reaching flooding. This brought about the immersion of numerous floodplains and topping off of the Basins water stockpiles. The bowls all out water stockpiling expanded from 32% to 81% during 2010-11. It empowered various species to recuperate from the effects of a long dry season. Environmental change examines anticipate that the atmosphere of the Murrayâ€Darling Basin is probably going to get drier later on, because of the rising convergences of ozone harming substances in the air. Numerous spots along the bowl experience the ill effects of dry spell as they are in danger of not acquiring enough drinking water to help its populace not to mention its ranchers. There is an anticipated effect of a 10% decrease in the normal surface water accessibility over the entire Basin in 2030. Complete misfortunes brought about by the serious 1982-1983 dry season, for instance, were evaluated by the Australian Government to surpass $3 billion. The drawn out soundness of the entire framework is at present at serious risk. It has additionally been found that 4% of water that Australia gets from precipitation arrives at the ocean from the bowl. Activity of the River Murray framework depends basically upon the control and the board of the four fundamental stockpiles: Dartmouth Reservoir Hume Dam Menindee lakes stockpiling plan Lake Victoria In the midst of dry spell water is utilized from the dam’s stockpiling for all exercises. They give security to towns and urban areas from the tolls of flood and it will require some investment and cash to recoup. The legislature of Australia gives dry season bundles to help our ranchers in significant water emergency. Numerous territories in Australia have water limitations to assist preserve with watering for sometime later. A few territories likewise usewater recycling,desalinationplants and delve drills into the ground to get more water for their inhabitants like that in Western Australia which was the main state to tap the sea as a wellspring of open drinking water produces 130 million liters of freshwater daily. I might want to suggest huge scope developments of desalination plants along seaside regions, it will assist Australia with meeting the requests of the expanding populace of Australia at present and later on; and to adapt through significant dry spells. I might likewise want to suggest development of dams in Queensland as they get the most precipitation, yet the water isn't caught and is thus squandered. Rather than utilizing the downpour water, they take water from the Basin to help their requirements. The water can be utilized for all reasons. I would suggest the development of more water storerooms in drier pieces of the province like Adelaide. It would likewise be astute for the administration to stop the 4% of water got by downpour from arriving at the ocean. Water Quality Saltiness implies the measure of salt substance in soil or water. European cultivating rehearses supplanted local vegetation with harvests and field. Thus, the plants intended to manage saltiness issues were expelled. This brought about the expanding of saltiness issue. It influences biological system wellbeing, diminish drinking quality and cause financial misfortune in horticulture. It influences local vegetation, crops, field, wetlands and stream frameworks; it devastates local living space and diminishes biodiversity. With current practices there are no signs that the procedure of salinisation will back off or be turned around inside the not so distant. The nature of the Murray dear bowl can likewise trigger algal development. Matter arranged in the water conveys supplements which diminish the entrance of light which influences amphibian plants and creatures. Lower water temperatures because of the arrival of water from more profound layers held in dams during summer can harm downstream biological frameworks. Higher temperatures coming about because of absence of stream from freeing from vegetation may intensify algal blossoms. The water has low degrees of broke down oxygen since floodplains are flushed with natural issue which stain the stream water and cause it to seem blackish. The blackish water can now and again become low in broken up oxygen bringing about the mischief of sea-going plants and creatures. In spite of the fact that these occasions can positively affect nature as they set supplements back into the framework which advances the development of numerous sea-going living beings. In spite of the fact that, there have been activities taken to comprehend these issues: The setting up of salt capture attempts plots all through the Basin has assisted with lightening the issue of saltiness. Poisons created by Algae and other unsafe particles are separated and the water is decontaminated before it is provided to places. Numerous supplements are returned to the water to advance the development of numerous oceanic creatures. The legislature of Australia subsidizes many water cleaning programs like: The Australian Government has consented to an arrangement with the Australian Capital Territory that will see up to $85 million of Australian Government supports accessible to help tidy up Canberra’s lakes and conduits. Have not had an exceptionally huge impact on the issues. The administration of Australia subsidizes many water cleaning programs like: The Australian Government has consented to an arrangement with the Australian Capital Territory that will see up to $85 million of Australian Governm

Strategies for Effective Note-Taking

Strategies for Effective Note-Taking Do you want to make your note-taking more effective? Do you want to make your note-taking more effective? Effective note taking in university and college can mean the difference between being at the top of the class and in the mid-range. For some reason, note-taking is not part of the general curriculum in high school, which means many students enter the college environment with a lack of knowledge around how to take effective notes. Learning how to write proper notes is an invaluable skill; however, it is easy to learn. Once you learn this skill, repetition will help you improve over time. There are many tried and true methods of note-taking. Here we discuss some of these approaches and how you can use them to enhance your study. Here are some tips to consider before attending class: Come Prepared Before beginning class, your first step is to plan. If your professor has provided you with a syllabus, use that to become familiar with the topic or topics for that day. Prepare further by taking the time to skim or read the required readings for that day. When you read the information about a topic before going to class, you are more likely to retain the information the professor introduces. You will already know the material, and you will know what to expect. In this sense, you will be prepared to engage with the content, which in the long term is going to help you with retention. Although this may seem obvious, make sure that you prepare for class in a literal way. In other words, make sure you pack all the essentials: books, pens, pencils, and notebooks. You might also want to bring your laptop if that is something that you find helpful. Packing water and a midday snack is a good idea. Snacks filled with good healthy fats and complex carbohydrates will ascertain that you are full. Water will help you stay hydrated so you will remain focused throughout your class. Maintain a Positive Mindset Before attending class, take some time to get yourself into a positive mindset. Maybe you meditate for 5 minutes or go for a short walk. Listening to music may be beneficial to some people. Regardless of what works for you, figure it out, and do it. When you attend class with a positive frame of mind, you will manage to retain more information. Your brain will thank you later when youre able to recall more material when you’re reviewing. When youre in that positive mindset, youre more apt to absorb the lecture. Try Different Strategies Once you’re ready for class, there are a variety of methods you can use to approach note-taking. Not every technique is going to work for each person, so try different ones and figure out what works best for you. The first question to consider regarding note taking is whether or not you will use your computer. Although the computer may seem like a faster way to jot down what the professor is discussing, research has proven that using a pen and paper assist with retention. Depending on your approach to learning you may choose either of these methods. However, if youre easily distracted, it is recommended that you use the manual mode of taking notes using a pen and paper. Manually writing your notes will help you to avoid the tendency toward accessing the Internet or chatting with friends while in class on your computer. Here are some effective note Taking Strategies The Outline Method To use the Outline Method, make five headings for topics you know will be covered in class. Under each heading make bullet points which include subtopics and information as provided in the professors lecture. This technique simple and straightforward. However, it can be challenging to review notes later if you choose this method. The best way to review notes if you are using this method is to quiz yourself by utilizing each topic before reading your notes. Take the recorded topic, then confirm your knowledge by reading your notes. Review what you do know in your head and then move on and read your notes. That will reinforce the information and keep it in your brain a little longer. For a simple break down on The Outline Method, check out Oxford Learning’s blog on effective note taking. Flow Notes The second technique is Flow Notes. Flow Notes are a holistic method of note taking which includes active engagement with course material. Rather than merely taking notes and regurgitating the professors lecture on paper you are attempting to engage with the content by drawing arrows, doodles, and thoughts as you intake information. If something in the lecture sounds familiar to you, make notes in the margins about the material you already know. This type of active engagement will assist with recall later on while you re studying. For example, if your professor is discussing Marxism and you know that Marxism relates to class, write that in the margins of your notes. This technique will help you to recall information while you are studying. As you already have some information about the topic you are creating a tag for it in your mind so that you can recall it easily. Make Use of Slide Notes If you are lucky enough to have one of those professors who use PowerPoint slides, use the slides to your advantage. Making use of these notes is one of the easiest yet still effective approaches to taking notes. Print off the slides and bring them to class. As the professor or instructor lectures, take notes. Try using the techniques offered above. Use the flow notes technique in combination with your slide notes to retain more material. Using Your Notes to Study Once you have mastered note taking, it is time to study. Make sure you review your notes 24 hours after the time youve written them. After you finish your classes for the day, review your material within the day. Reviewing your notes soon after class, will help to solidify the information in your brain and make it easier to recall come exam time. Second, rather than waiting for exam time to review your notes, make sure to go over them frequently. Avoid cramming. Reviewing your notes on a consistent basis will help you in the long run because information will become cemented in your brain. A third tip is to make a note of repetition. When youre doing your readings, have your notes next to you. If you notice a theme in the texts and your professor mentioned it in class, it will likely be on the exam. So, make a note of repetitions. Being actively engaged with your notes in this way will help you prepare for your exam. Effective note taking cannot be underestimated in the realm of college and university. Learning how to take notes is a skill that is invaluable to a student. For more on this topic, please check out our YouTube video Strategies for Effective Note Taking. We know the school year is ramping up, and that youre likely looking for opportunities to lighten the study load. If you’re looking for some support, please check out our website. Strategies for Effective Note-Taking Do you want to make your note-taking more effective? Do you want to make your note-taking more effective? Effective note taking in university and college can mean the difference between being at the top of the class and in the mid-range. For some reason, note-taking is not part of the general curriculum in high school, which means many students enter the college environment with a lack of knowledge around how to take effective notes. Learning how to write proper notes is an invaluable skill; however, it is easy to learn. Once you learn this skill, repetition will help you improve over time. There are many tried and true methods of note-taking. Here we discuss some of these approaches and how you can use them to enhance your study. Here are some tips to consider before attending class: Come Prepared Before beginning class, your first step is to plan. If your professor has provided you with a syllabus, use that to become familiar with the topic or topics for that day. Prepare further by taking the time to skim or read the required readings for that day. When you read the information about a topic before going to class, you are more likely to retain the information the professor introduces. You will already know the material, and you will know what to expect. In this sense, you will be prepared to engage with the content, which in the long term is going to help you with retention. Although this may seem obvious, make sure that you prepare for class in a literal way. In other words, make sure you pack all the essentials: books, pens, pencils, and notebooks. You might also want to bring your laptop if that is something that you find helpful. Packing water and a midday snack is a good idea. Snacks filled with good healthy fats and complex carbohydrates will ascertain that you are full. Water will help you stay hydrated so you will remain focused throughout your class. Maintain a Positive Mindset Before attending class, take some time to get yourself into a positive mindset. Maybe you meditate for 5 minutes or go for a short walk. Listening to music may be beneficial to some people. Regardless of what works for you, figure it out, and do it. When you attend class with a positive frame of mind, you will manage to retain more information. Your brain will thank you later when youre able to recall more material when you’re reviewing. When youre in that positive mindset, youre more apt to absorb the lecture. Try Different Strategies Once you’re ready for class, there are a variety of methods you can use to approach note-taking. Not every technique is going to work for each person, so try different ones and figure out what works best for you. The first question to consider regarding note taking is whether or not you will use your computer. Although the computer may seem like a faster way to jot down what the professor is discussing, research has proven that using a pen and paper assist with retention. Depending on your approach to learning you may choose either of these methods. However, if youre easily distracted, it is recommended that you use the manual mode of taking notes using a pen and paper. Manually writing your notes will help you to avoid the tendency toward accessing the Internet or chatting with friends while in class on your computer. Here are some effective note Taking Strategies The Outline Method To use the Outline Method, make five headings for topics you know will be covered in class. Under each heading make bullet points which include subtopics and information as provided in the professors lecture. This technique simple and straightforward. However, it can be challenging to review notes later if you choose this method. The best way to review notes if you are using this method is to quiz yourself by utilizing each topic before reading your notes. Take the recorded topic, then confirm your knowledge by reading your notes. Review what you do know in your head and then move on and read your notes. That will reinforce the information and keep it in your brain a little longer. For a simple break down on The Outline Method, check out Oxford Learning’s blog on effective note taking. Flow Notes The second technique is Flow Notes. Flow Notes are a holistic method of note taking which includes active engagement with course material. Rather than merely taking notes and regurgitating the professors lecture on paper you are attempting to engage with the content by drawing arrows, doodles, and thoughts as you intake information. If something in the lecture sounds familiar to you, make notes in the margins about the material you already know. This type of active engagement will assist with recall later on while you re studying. For example, if your professor is discussing Marxism and you know that Marxism relates to class, write that in the margins of your notes. This technique will help you to recall information while you are studying. As you already have some information about the topic you are creating a tag for it in your mind so that you can recall it easily. Make Use of Slide Notes If you are lucky enough to have one of those professors who use PowerPoint slides, use the slides to your advantage. Making use of these notes is one of the easiest yet still effective approaches to taking notes. Print off the slides and bring them to class. As the professor or instructor lectures, take notes. Try using the techniques offered above. Use the flow notes technique in combination with your slide notes to retain more material. Using Your Notes to Study Once you have mastered note taking, it is time to study. Make sure you review your notes 24 hours after the time youve written them. After you finish your classes for the day, review your material within the day. Reviewing your notes soon after class, will help to solidify the information in your brain and make it easier to recall come exam time. Second, rather than waiting for exam time to review your notes, make sure to go over them frequently. Avoid cramming. Reviewing your notes on a consistent basis will help you in the long run because information will become cemented in your brain. A third tip is to make a note of repetition. When youre doing your readings, have your notes next to you. If you notice a theme in the texts and your professor mentioned it in class, it will likely be on the exam. So, make a note of repetitions. Being actively engaged with your notes in this way will help you prepare for your exam. Effective note taking cannot be underestimated in the realm of college and university. Learning how to take notes is a skill that is invaluable to a student. For more on this topic, please check out our YouTube video Strategies for Effective Note Taking. We know the school year is ramping up, and that youre likely looking for opportunities to lighten the study load. If you’re looking for some support, please check out our website.

Reflection Paper On Theological Reflection - 1475 Words

I am very good at working under pressure and meeting deadlines. This is because my very favorite thing to do is to procrastinate which obviously is not the best thing. Despite this, the ability to thrive under pressure is a very sought-after skill. This gives me the ability to stay calm and handle things one step at a time in situations in which many others would be very overwhelmed. One example of this would be this past week. I had a TRP (four paged theological reflection paper) due in Old Testament, my first Old Testament exam and my first Chemistry exam. The day before my TRP was due my computer crashed on me and I lost my completed paper. Instead of panicking about the paper I had just lost, that had taken me two days to complete, and†¦show more content†¦This injury caused me to see the bigger picture and that killing myself now could have serious consequences in the future. This injury also forced me to evaluate my coping mechanisms and see that listening to some of m y favorite songs is just as good as running a few miles for stress relief and has a much less painful result. This in jury has also helped me see that all things are possible through hard work. I was able to push physical therapy hard enough, in a healthy way, that I was able to complete winter guard my senior year and got to go to both prom and graduation without an assistance in the form of crutches or braces. Coming to college for me was absolutely terrifying. I am a very independent person so it was not all that difficult to leave behind my family and I knew that I would talk to them all the time. Coming to a state I have never been to before with no one I know nearby was definitely a huge challenge. I am a very social person I love people and enjoy socializing but I have had a group of the same close friends around me since kindergarten so it was really hard to leave them behind. Another challenge for me is learning what switching from a high school institution to a college institution truly is. Even though I’m very independent and honestly did pretty much whatever I wanted my senior year of high school, it is still the mostShow MoreRelatedTheo 104 Reflection Paper 1642 Words   |  3 PagesTOPICS TO CONSIDER FOR THE REFLECTION PAPER: Angels, Anthropological Argument, Arminianism, Assurance of Salvation, Attributes of God, Baptism of Holy Spirit, Believers Glorified Body Bible Study, Biblical Theology, Calvinism, Character Development, Christian Service, Comfort of God, Conscience, Contemporary, Theology, Conversion, Conviction, Cosmological Argument,Creation, Crown of Life, Deacon, Death Death of Christ, Deity of Christ, Demons,Denominations, Doctrine, Dogmatic Theology, DoubtRead MoreTheology and Development2829 Words   |  12 PagesDevelopment | | Theological Reflection - Amartya Sen and Elaine Graham, Heather Walton and Frances Ward | This paper will deal with the importance of Theological reflection and it will argue that theological reflection is the responsibility of all individuals in the human race. In response to Amartya Sen’s work in Development as Freedom as well the treatment of theological reflection and the analysis of methods by Elaine Graham, Heather Walton and Frances Ward, this paper will attempt to unpackRead MoreReflection Paper 1787 Words   |  4 PagesFebruary 10, 2013 Theo 104 Reflection Paper #1 I. Introduction This paper will be written to discuss ideas that have been discussed in Theology 104. This class has covered such a wide range of topics in just the first 4 weeks. The 2 topics I have decided to write about are the importance of personal testimonies and God’s grace. II. Part One a. Theological Definition A testimony is how one person’s Christian walk came to be. They are used to show how someone was saved. It tells about theirRead MoreTheology: God and Prayer Essay1143 Words   |  5 PagesReflection Paper: Prayer and Character Development Twila S. Cooper Theology 104 November 16, 2012 Professor White INTRODUCTION The purpose of this paper is to reveal a direct correlation between prayer and character development. It is crucial that Christians fully understand this tool that has been put in place in order for us to be able to communicate with the Lord, our Creator. Praying and communing with the Lord leads to and builds not only a stronger relationshipRead MoreReasons For The Study Of Spirituality From A Theological Perspective1728 Words   |  7 Pagesntroduction The aim of this essay is to discuss Wolftiech’s reasons for the study of spirituality from a practical theological perspective. It will do this by outlining the reasons for study found in Wolftiech s writings. Resultantly, it will discuss the strengths, weaknesses, and implications of Wolftiech s reasons viewed from a Reformed theological frame of reference. Finally, a conclusion will be offered suggesting a reforming approach to Practical theology. Wolftiech s reasons WolftiechRead MoreTheology And Pastoral Leadership : Theology Essay1506 Words   |  7 PagesBeeley, C. A. (2009). Theology and Pastoral Leadership. Anglican Theological Review, 91(1), 11-30 Beeley makes the argument that theology lies at the center of Christian leadership. It sites early theologians from the past, later theologians in the Anglican and other traditions. The author provides the relationship between theology and practicalities of leaders work, the ministry of the word, pastoral interpretation of Scripture, and the regular study of the work of Christian leadership. He pointsRead MoreAnalysis Of Culpepper And Koester s Writing I ve Learned A Great Deal About The Gospel Of John994 Words   |  4 PagesReflection Paper In Culpepper and Koester’s writing I’ve learned a great deal about the Gospel of John from all perspectives. I’ve learned everything from what makes John unique, the Gospel of John as literature, and some theological insight on the Gospel of John. In this particular paper though I want to focus on three key questions asked and deliver well thought out ideas and answers. Also in this paper the reader will learn what the similarities and differences John has from the Synoptic GospelsRead MoreA Christian View Of The Bible1255 Words   |  6 Pageswork of God. I can only affirm that is the only fully infallible written scriptural work. The issues of psuedonymity, the Synoptic Problem, Genesis 1-11, and the rewritten Bible have all been noticed as problematic areas for one’s hermeneutic. This paper will largely be a presentation of my hermeneutical implications through these issues. I do not believe the issue of psuedonymity to be a problematic area for what I believe in terms of the inspiration of scripture. The authors of these epistles canRead MoreTheo 104 Reflection Paper1067 Words   |  5 PagesReflection Paper My dad used to tell me all the time that we are all a work in progress. At the time I didn’t know exactly know what he meant. As years have passed on and my relationship with Christ matured, I now know what he meant. We as children of God can never be perfect, but what we can do is strive to be like Christ, this is what the definition of a Christian is, â€Å"Christ like†. I try to share the good news of Jesus, and when I do I like to talk to people about God’s Grace and through hisRead MoreTheologians : Sallie Mc Fague And Thomas Torrance1266 Words   |  6 PagesTHEOLOGIANS – SALLIE MC FAGUE AND THOMAS TORRANCE This paper seeks to compare two theologians, one male, one female, one Trinitarian and one mythological, Thomas F. Torrance and Sallie McFague. At the heart of all of Torrance’s theology is the truth of the Trinity. It is foundational to all of his work. For him, the ultimate purpose of theology is knowing God in a personal way that involves both head and heart. He felt we must be faithful to Scripture’s logic. (Torrance, 2008). Torrance was also

Harry S. Truman Essay - 1404 Words

Harry S. Truman Depending on how old you are, it is possible that you have experienced many great presidents throughout your lifetime. Every single person in this world has their own view as to what a president’s role in the world should be, and how their values should reflect them. So far, the United States has gone through 42 Presidents who have all offered many new ideas that have aided our country tremendously. One of these great men was our 33rd President, Harry S. Truman who was thrown into the presidents’ seat on April 12, 1945 when Franklin Delano Roosevelt died suddenly. Harry S. Truman was born May 8, 1884 in Lamar, Missouri and grew up near Independence. The young Truman enjoyed his youth on the family farm with his younger†¦show more content†¦After only two years as county judge, Truman became presiding judge, which he continued for the next eight years of his life. As the 1934 election rolled around, Truman, a firm supporter of Franklin Roosevelt, was chosen as U.S. Senator from Missouri. Truman was one of thirteen new Democratic Senators; however, he quickly distinguished himself as one of the hardest working members, and the single most loyal supporter of President Franklin Roosevelts quot;New Dealquot; programs. He had emerged as one of the most liked and admired men in the U.S. Congress. Truman was reelected in 1940 and gained national attention as chairman of the Senate Committee to Investigate the National Defense Program which was often referred to as the â€Å"Truman Committee†. Trumans’ good work impressed FDR, who liked the way Truman used the committee to protect him from criticism. In 1944 as FDR was nominated for a fourth term, he decided to drop Henry A. Wallace as vice president and take Truman on board. After Truman had served only 82 days as Vice President, Roosevelt died suddenly on April 12, 1945. Truman quickly took command and in his first address to Congress he promised to continue Roosevelt’s policies. Truman spent no time easing into the role of president. That July he attended the Potsdam Conference of the Great Powers which discussed international problems. It wasShow MoreRelatedThe Legacy Of Harry S Truman758 Words   |  4 Pages Harry S Truman was born on May 8, 1884 in Lamar, Missouri. He was born into the family of Martha Ellen Truman and John Anderson Truman, who was a mule trader as well as a farmer. Harry was named after his uncle, Harrison Young. After his parents couldn’t decide on a middle name they settled with just the letter â€Å"S†. He grew up on his father’s farm in Independence, Missouri and attended Independence High School (now William Chrisman High School). Since he did not attend college, he had several jobsRead MorePresident Harry S. Truman762 Words   |  4 PagesResearch Paper President Harry S. Truman wasn’t only just a president, he was a US army soldier, a democratic senator, presiding judge, and a vice president. Before his presidency, he fought in World War 1. Recapping his roles before the presidency, once the war ended, Truman got discharged from the army and then went to attend Kansas City school of law. This is when he was on the road to becoming president. In 1933 Franklin d Roosevelt was elected 32nd president. Harry S. got elected presiding judgeRead More Harry S. Truman Essay954 Words   |  4 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Harry S. Truman was born on May 8, 1884 in Lamar, Missouri. 2. Childhood nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;John A. Truman sold and bought livestock form a lot adjacent to their house when Harry was first born. When Harry was ten months old the Trumans sold their house and stocklot to move to Harrisonville, Missouri. From Harrisonville they moved to Belton, then to Grandview, and finally settled in Independence, Missouri when Harry Truman was six years old. President Truman was the oldestRead MorePresident Harry S. Truman1277 Words   |  6 PagesMr. President, The First Publication From The Personal Diaries, Private Letters, Papers, And Revealing Interviews Of Harry S. Truman Written by William Hillman and published in 1952, this book intimately describes the life and decisions of President Harry S. Truman and specializes on the presidential years. It gives the reader an armchair seat beside Mr. Truman as he made some of the toughest decisions in the nation’s history! It is filled with various notes and letters to personalities from WinstonRead MoreEssay Harry S. Truman1091 Words   |  5 Pages Harry S. Truman was the 33rd President of the United States. Born on May 8, 1884, in Lamar, Missouri, he was the oldest of three children. Truman had no middle name. His parents apparently gave him the middle initial â€Å"S† to appease two family relatives. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;At age six, his family moved to Independence, Missouri, where he attended Sunday school. There he met five year-old Elizabeth Wallace, with whom he later fell in love with. Beginning school at age eight, Truman modeledRead MoreHarry S. Truman s Life864 Words   |  4 PagesStates. Harry S. Truman was considered â€Å"One Tough Son –of-a-Bitch† due to his expertise, not because of his ordinary, basic look or lack of college education. No matter how people perceived him, Truman had industrial-strength; he stood his ground on his beliefs. His life would take him one of the most elaborate rides one could experience. Truman’s formative years taught him endurance, his life in the war taught him courage, and presidency taught him resilience. Although when growing up Truman was neverRead MoreHarry Truman s Fair Deal1693 Words   |  7 PagesWhite House. Along with this shift in the government, there were also many economical and social issues that followed along. Once the first election of the decade in 1952, the government started to factor in the Korean War, inflation, the New Deal, Harry Truman’s Fair Deal, and the major problem with John McCarthy and McCarthyism. In the background of the politics in the nation, economically things were changing. As World War II was ending and the Korean War was in its early stages, a period of inflationRead MoreHarry S. Truman s President Of All Time1478 Words   |  6 PagesHarry S Truman was the 33rd president of the United States and according to the Harry S Truman website, the 5th most popular president of all time. Truman played a big part in ending World War II and beginning the Cold War. He was elected in 1945, after the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt, in April 1945. He also ended racial segregation in the civil service and the armed forces in 1948. Which will all be covered in this topic of Harry S. Truman, also discussing his presidency, personal accomplishmentsRead MoreHarry S. Truman: A Tremendously Influential President Essay1696 Words   |  7 PagesHarry S. Truman was born in Lamar, Missouri on May 8, 1884 and was at first just an average boy and then man, with dreams in the music field and interests in reading and history. His mother greatly supported his ideas and desires and wished him the best. Truman worked a series of clerical jobs and worked on the Santa Fe Railroad as well (â€Å"Harry S. Truman†). Truman’s first encounter with politics was when he served in WWI and was a captain in the Field Artillery in France. When he returned from FranceRead MoreHarry S. Truman Is A Part Of The American Presidents Series1322 Words   |  6 PagesHarry S. Truman is a part of the American Presidents Series and is written by Robe rt Dallek with the help of Arthur M. Schlesinger and Sean Wilentz. The biography details the life of Harry Truman, the thirty-third president of the United States. Truman was Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s Vice President and took office when Roosevelt died during the last few months of World War II. Truman was faced with the difficult task of ending the war and caring for his country during the aftermath. Truman went on

Strain Controlled Triaxial Test- Geotechnical Engineering Free Essays

string(449) " the data obtainedProperly calibrated Load MeasurementTo measure the cyclic loadsElectrical, analog or digital Axial deformation MeasurementTo measure the strain rateLVDT or dial guages Pressure ControlTo regulate cell pressureMercury or pneumatic device Pore Pressure transducerTo measure pore pressureTransducers or electronic pressure meters Volume change MeasurementTo check the volume change in the specimenCalibrated and widely used guages 3\." 1. INTRODUCTION From civil engineering view, Soil is the medium through which the structural loads are transferred safely and efficiently. Soil should be consistent enough to satisfy the requirements even under inevitable circumstances like earthquake, bomb reactions etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Strain Controlled Triaxial Test- Geotechnical Engineering or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is necessary to incorporate the seismic effects into the soil properties. Like concrete or steel, engineering properties of soil cannot be found out using theory of classical dynamics and vibrations. It can be found only field and lab tests. To quench the above requirement, various techniques are employed nowadays. The most common methods are cyclic simple shear, cyclic triaxial shear and cyclic torsional shear tests. The dynamic triaxial test is the most effective method to arrive the static and dynamic properties of soil like cyclic deformation, damping ratio, liquefaction strength etc. Though it has some limitations, it is widely used for the analysis of soil under seismic forces. The fundamental parameters obtained from this test are cyclic shear stress and cyclic shear strain, through which the soil is defined. The tests can be done either by stress controlled (cyclic shear stress) or strain controlled (cyclic shear strain). The test setups are highly sophisticated and costly. It needs highly skilled labour. The measuring devices used in the system needs to be calibrated and sealed properly as it is more sensitive to disturbances. The results obtained reflect the site seismic condition to the maximum level provided the strain level is kept minimum. Fig 1. 1 Triaxial Cell Fig 1. 2. A typical Cyclic triaxial apparatus 1. 1WHY DYNAMIC TRIAXIAL The Dynamic forces are time dependent and are usually cyclic in nature i. e. they involve several cycles of loading, unloading and reloading. Earthquake is three dimensional in nature. Hence the shear waves and body waves produced by the earthquake tend to deform the soil in all the directions (for the horizontal level ground). Dynamic Triaxial tests actually reflect the soil condition (in all round stresses) in the site. During earthquakes, the seismic waves cause the loose sand to contract and thereby increasing the pore water pressure. Under undrained loading, development of high pore pressure results in upward flow of water, thereby making the sand in liquefied condition. Pore water pressure is measured effectively in triaxial tests. Among the stress-control and strain-control condition, strain control is adopted widely. This is because; stress-control test has great sensitivity to the sample disturbance. In case of strain-control, pore pressure developed during tests is less affected by specimen fabric and density. The tests can be done on intact specimens and reconstituted specimens. While comparing the results obtained from intact and reconstituted specimens, there is much deviation in stress-control compared to strain-control. (tests done by vucetic and dobry, in 1988). Stress path control is used in the study of path dependence of soil behaviour. Stress deformation and strength characteristics depend on initial static stress field, initial void ratio, pulsating stress level and the frequency of loading. 1. 2APPLICATIONS There are variety of engineering problems which rely heavily on the behaviour of soils under dynamic conditions. These includes design and the remediation Of machine foundation, geotechnical earthquake engineering, protection against construction vibration, non-destructive characterization of the subsurface, design of offshore structures, screening of rail and traffic induced vibrations, vibration isolation etc. When it comes to dynamic triaxial test, the wide range of application is the liquefaction behaviour of soil under seismic forces. 2. HISTORY One of the first pieces of equipment designed to test cyclic triaxial loading was the pendulum loading apparatus by Casagrande and Shannon in 1949. This utilizes the energy of the a pendulum which when released from a selected height, strikes a spring connected to the piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder, this cylinder is further connected to another cylinder located above the cel. The time of loading was between 0. 05 and 0. 01 sec. Fig. 2. 1. Pendulum Loading Apparatus Casagrande and Shannon came up with an equipment called Falling Beam Apparatus as shown in Fig. 2. 2 In 1960, Sead and fead used Pneumatic System for cyclic loading. It marks the evolution of the dynamic triaxial shear apparatus. Fig. 2. 2. Falling Beam Apparatus 3. PRINCIPLE First attempt was made by Seed and Lee (1966) by consolidating a saturated sample under a confining pressure and subjected to constant amplitude cyclic axial stress under undrained conditions. This test was performed till they deformed to a certain amount of peak axial strain. Under this condition creates a stress conditions on a plane of 45 ° through the sample which is the same as those produced on the horizontal plane in the ground during earthquakes. This is the basis on which the cyclic triaxial test works. Fig. 3. 1. Simulation of geostatic and cyclic stress in triaxial test. Shear stress is taken into account as it causes deformation. To incorporate seismic effects, uniform shear stress for a given cycle is adopted for non-uniform stress time data. To achieve that a maximum shear stress is multiplied by a correction factor ?. Then the test is carried out till required deformation or failure to occur. 4. EQUIPMENT 4. 1. Parts of Dynamic triaxial apparatus suggested by ASTM D 3999 – 91(2003) APPARATUSPURPOSECONSIDERATION 1. Triaxial Pressure CellTo mount sample and conduct testTolerance for piston, top platen low friction piston seal. Ball bearings and friction sealTo minimise frictionFriction can be,  ±2 % of the maximum single amplitude cyclic load Load rodTo facilitate loadingdia = 1/6th of specimen dia Specimen cap BaseTo provide a sealed platform Rigid, non corrosive, impermeable, Cap weight 0. 5% of applied axial failure load (static), Valves To regulate back pressure, cell pressure, pore water pressureLeak-proof, withstand applied pressure Top and bottom platensTo facilitate loading and provide a rigid baseProper alignment, load rod sealed with top platen with friction seal. 2. Cyclic Loading EquipmentTo induce cyclic loads Uniform sine wave @ 0. 1 to 2 Hz, simple ram or a closed loop electro hydraulic system 3. Recording EquipmentsTo record the data obtainedProperly calibrated Load MeasurementTo measure the cyclic loadsElectrical, analog or digital Axial deformation MeasurementTo measure the strain rateLVDT or dial guages Pressure ControlTo regulate cell pressureMercury or pneumatic device Pore Pressure transducerTo measure pore pressureTransducers or electronic pressure meters Volume change MeasurementTo check the volume change in the specimenCalibrated and widely used guages 3. You read "Strain Controlled Triaxial Test- Geotechnical Engineering" in category "Essay examples" Miscellaneous a. Rubber membrane b. Filter paper To hold the specimen To facilitate saturation Leak-proof with minimum restraint Must not cover more than 50% of the specimen. Fig. 4. 1. Schematic Diagram of a stain-controlled dynamic triaxial test 4. 2WORKING PROCEDURE The working mechanism mainly involves three phases a)Saturation phase:Initially the sand is sample saturated by applying cell and back pressure simultaneously. (cell pressure back pressure) b)Consolidation phase: during test, void ratio should be kept constant. It is obtained in this phase. Back pressure valve is closed. )Load Phase: Actual test begins here. Strain rate is fixed using gear system. Cyclic load is applied either using hydraulic or pneumatic type. Loads and corresponding strains are recorded at loading, unloading and reloading. Test is continued until the required strain or failure occurs. 5. RESULTS From the cyclic triaxial test, we can obtain various graphs for detailed analysis, †¢Load Vs Deforma tion †¢Deviatoric Stress Vs Time †¢Axial Strain (%) Vs Time †¢Excess Pore Pressure Vs Axial Strain (%) †¢Excess Pore Pressure Vs Time †¢Deviatoric Stress Vs Axial Strain (%) Fig. 5. 1. Axial load Vs. axial deformation From the hysteresis loop obtained, the dynamic Young’s modulus (Ed) can be calculated, from which shear modulus (G) can be calculated using poisson’s ratio ( µ). Damping factor (D) can also be calculated from the loop obtained. Shear Modulus, G = Ed / 2(1+ µ) Damping factor,D = Ai / 4? At Ai ? Area of Loop At ? Area of shaded portion 6. Discussions: Two series of undrained cyclic triaxial strain controlled tests were performed by Mladen Vucetic and Richardo Dobry, on two different Imperial Valley, California, silty sands which liquefied during an earthquake in 1981. Both intact and reconstituted specimens were tested. The cyclic shear strain is the fundamental parameter governing pore pressure buildup. The saturated deposit is composed of two layers: an upper, looser, sandy silt unit located between 2. 6 m and 3. 5 m depth, containing more fines (37%) (sand A), and the lower, loose to medium-dense sand unit located between 3. 5 m and 6. 8 m, containing less fines (25%) and (sand B). Selected plots of normalized cyclic shear stress, ? cy* = ? cy/? c„ and normalized residual pore pressure, u* = u/? c, versus number of uniform strain cycles, nc, up to nc = 30, are shown in Figs. 6. 1 and 4 for sands A and B, respectively, ? y above is the amplitude of cyclic shear stress acting on 45 ° planes within the specimen, with ? cy= ? dc/2 , where ? dc is the cyclic deviatoric stress amplitude, and u is the accumulated residual cychc pore pressure at the end of the pertinent strain cycle, derived from measurements at the point of the cycle at which the cyclic stress ? dc = ? cy = 0. Fig. 6. 1 Comparis on of results obtained on intact and reconstituted specimens of sand A The effect of sand fabric, that is, the difference between results obtained on reconstituted and intact specimens, is analyzed next for both sands A and B, with the help of Figs. . 1 and 6. 2. It can be readily noticed in these two figures that the residual pore pressures in cyclic triaxial strain-controlled tests are practically unaffected by the change of sand fabric (u* versus nc curves), while, on the contrary, soil stiffness is significantly affected (? cy* versus nc curves). This is especially noticeable in Fig. 6. 2. Fig. 6. 2 Comparison of results obtained on intact and reconstituted specimens of B. Fig. 6. 3 Residual pore pressure in reconstituted specimens of sands A and sand B It must also be noticed that the range of cyclic shear stresses measured at a given cyclic strain in Figs. . 1 and 6. 2, for the two sands and for the two types of specimen fabric, is quite wide, in contrast to the corresponding range of pore pressures in Fig. 6. 3, which is very narrow. This confirms once again that cyclic shear strain is the fundamental parameter governing pore pressure buildup, and that use of strain-controlled testing represents the most appropriate, as well as the most convenient, approach currently available for evaluation of seismic pore pressures and liquefaction of level ground sites. 7. FACTORS AFFECTING CYCLIC STRENGTH Effect of Confining Stress Critical void ratio is not a constant but decreases as confining pressure increases. The stress ratio decreases with increasing confining pressure. Effect of Loading Wave Form As the load data obtained from history are converted into uniform cycle by ?. The order of increasing strength was rectangular, triangular and sine Effects of Frequency on Cyclic Strength The frequency effects have only a minor ( 10 percent) effect on cyclic strength of the soils. The slower loading frequency have slightly higher strength. Effects of Relative Density At relative densities 50%, complete liquefaction occurred almost simultaneously, and relative densities above 70% were required for safety against large strains. Effects of size Gradation Well-graded material was somewhat weaker than uniformly graded material. This finding was attributed to a greater densification tendency in well-graded soils, as finer particles move into voids between larger particles, than occurs in uniformly graded soils. This densification tendency causes increased pore pressure. Effects of sampling on strain history Once a specimen has liquefied and reconsolidated to a denser structure, despite this densification, the specimen is much weaker to cyclic stresses reapplied. Effects of Over consolidation Ratio and Ko The maximum deviator stress required to cause a critical strain for a specified number of cycle’s increases with the Ko ratio. Also the cyclic strength increases as OCR and fines content increase. 8. VALIDATION The validation of the apparatus is done by successive tests, researcher’s experience and available equipments. Mladen vucetic and richardo dobry conducted two series (Intact and Reconstituted Specimens) of undrained cyclic triaxial tests on Imperial Valley, California, silty sands which liquefied during an earthquake in 1981. The results were compared and the experimental set up was validated. Further the tests were conducted on different types of sand and validated. 9. DEVELOPMENTS Since 1966, there has been a considerable improvements in the triaxial testing apparatus meeting results of higher accuracy and efficiency. Initially stress controlled methods were used, then strain controlled methods were adopted. To apply loads, initially hydraulic jack was used, then pneumatic system was used and then electro piezometer. Likewise there are so many advancements of triaxial tests. Some of the advancements are discussed below. Chan (1981), and Li et al (1988) Fig. 7. 1. , have developed a popular electro-pneumatic apparatus which incorporates many advancements in apparatus design and operation. Fig. 9. 1. Electro-pneumatic Apparatus Automated Cyclic Triaxial system is the next development, which is the most comonly used apparatus. It is well known for its automated input and output System, data acquisition and quick results. Fig. 9. 2. Automated Triaxial System 9. 1 RECENT ADVANCEMENTS GDS Entry level Dynamic triaxial testing system ?Technical Specifications ?Maximum Operating Frequency: 5Hz ?Minimum Operating Frequency: 0. 001Hz ?Highly accurate dynamic, electro-mechanical actuator ?Available sample sizes (depending on cell selection): 38 x 76mm (or ? 39. 1 x 78. 2mm) to ? 150 x 300mm. Fig. 9. 3. GDS ELD ? 16-Bit dynamic data logging ?16 Bit dynamic actuator control channel ?Cell pressure range to 2MPa (dependent of cell choice) ?Small laboratory foot print No hydraulic power pack required ?Standard Triaxial cells can be used (upgraded to dynamic seals and bearings) ? Can be upgraded to perform P and S wave bender element testing. ?Can be upgraded to perform unsaturated triaxial testing with the addition of the following items: a)Unsaturated pedestal with high air entry porous stone. b)1000cc digital air Pressure/volume controller (ADVDPC) for the applicatio n of pore air pressure and measurement of air volume change c)Optional HKUST double cell (available in the data sheet ‘Unsaturated Triaxial Testing of Soil (UNSAT). As well as dynamic triaxial tests, the ELDyn system can be utilised to carry out traditional triaxial tests such as UU, CU and CD as well as more advanced tests such as stress paths, K0 and Resilient Modulus tests. HS28. 610 cyclic triaxial test system is also a sophisticated apparatus available in Newdelhi (India). DYNATRIAX is another advanced cyclic triaxial equipment available at many places Los Angeles, Poland and many countries. It can operate at a maximum frequency of 10Hz. 10. CONCLUSION Many innovative systems for cyclic loading of soil have emerged in geotechnical engineering. Each system has its unique advantages and limitations. Some ways of minimizing these limitations have been pointed out. The advanced equipments are an additional tool for performing cyclic loading, in particular liquefaction testing. Extreme care must be used in preparing remoulded sand specimens, and special attention must be paid to testing techniques in order to obtain reproducible test results. In particular, the method of specimen preparation, the shape of the loading wave form, and the preciseness of density determinations greatly affect cyclic strength. Hence, development of ASTM standards for cyclic triaxial testing should include consideration of these factors in the results of this investigation. 11. REFERENCES: ASTM D 3999 Determination of Modulus and Damping Properties of Soils Using the Cyclic Triaxial Apparatus Advanced triaxial testing of soil and rock – Page 484 by Robert T. Donaghe, Ronald C. Chaney, Marshall L. Silver Chan, C. K. , 1981, â€Å"An Electropneumatic Cyclic Loading System,† Geotechnical Testing Journal, ASTM, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 183-187. Dynamic Geotechnical Testing H Ronald J. Ebelhar, Vincent P. Drnevich, and Bruce L. Kutter. STP 1213 ASTM Publication Dynamic Geotechnical Testing : a symposium by Marshall L. Silver Khosla, V. K. and Singh, R. D. , â€Å"Apparatus for Cyclic Stress Path Testing,† Geoteehnical Testing Journal, GTJODJ, Vol. 6, No. 4, Dec. 1983, pp. t65-172. Fundamental of Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering By Prasad. Soil Liquefaction, a critical state approach by Mike Jefferies Ken Been Kramer, Steven L. , Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Prentice-Hall, Inc. , Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1996 Townsend, F. C, â€Å"A Review of Factors Affecting Cyclic Triaxial Teste,† Dynamic Geotechnical Testing, ASTM STP 654, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1978, pp. 356-383. How to cite Strain Controlled Triaxial Test- Geotechnical Engineering, Essay examples

Little baby blue free essay sample

â€Å"I was so happy to have another bundle of joy to join our family†; she couldn’t have been any happier knowing she had a gift growing inside of her. She sat day in and day out thinking of names, what the room would look like, and what kind of clothes the baby would wear. However, what she didn’t know was she wouldn’t have that incredible feeling much longer.It was a beautiful crisp morning as she sat outside and spoke to god, the mist fell silently on her pale white skin, and she became chilled. In the distance the woodpeckers chipped away to their delightful destiny. What seemed to be a good day turned ugly when her boyfriend came home drunk and out of control. He began throwing dishes around and breaking cups. His screaming was like nails on a chalkboard and she didn’t know what to do besides take his harsh words and beating. We will write a custom essay sample on Little baby blue or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He got aggressive and grabbed her arms and threw her into the old door jam entering the kitchen. She felt her back crack and her piercing brown eyes roll to the back of her head and she recalls falling on the cold concrete floor. He kicked her in the stomach and as he walked away he turned around and spat on her. She knew something was wrong but she just let it be.The next morning as she got up for work she couldn’t stop thinking about the night before, she put all that a-side and piled on her makeup to cover what he did to her. Her day progressed slowly, and she found herself doubled over in deafening pain. She tried to play out like nothing was wrong, but she knew this was not normal. She was rushed to the emergency room, as she waited for the doctor. She remembered reading in her pregnancy magazines that what she was going through could mean labor or a miscarriage, but she tried keeping her cool.She recalled the doctor telling her she was having a miscarriage and that she had a severe infection on her uterus due to the damage that her boyfriend caused. Her body went weak, the florescent lights were spinning around like helicopter blades, and she fell to the floor. When she awoke the doctor told her she was lucky to have come in. He said, she would have died that night due to the loss of blood and the severity of the infection. She praises god that she’s alive.This woman is my mother and she suffered a miscarriage due to my father throwing her into the door jam and beating her. She left him and got the help she needed through Christ, she had my brother to focus on and get her mind off of the miscarriage, â€Å"I have five beautiful, amazing children and I couldn’t be any happier.† â€Å"It feel so good to know that the baby was sent to be God’s little angel up in heaven.†My mother still thinks about what life would be like if that baby would have been born, but then looks at what she has today and thanks the lord. My mother is now happily married to her third husband and living her dream out on the farm with her children. â€Å"Recovery is a hard process, but when you have your family there to help you get through it, it goes by so much faster.†Going from a loving caring relationship in which she thought she was loved for her personality and beauty turned to being used for a baby maker and a punching bag. These consequences ended a hopeless little life that could have made a difference in this big cruel world. In the end, she became a strong woman who overcame a powerful loss, and she survived the cruel beatings that left her body limp and defeated.

The Sources Of ShakespeareS Plays Essays - Characters In Macbeth

The Sources Of Shakespeare'S Plays: Shakespeare, Macbeth is created by combining two people, Makbeth and Donwald. Also, the murder of Shakespeare's King Duncan, comes almost directly from Donwald's murder of Holinshed's King Duff. Shakespeare also condensed Macbeth's seventeen year reign into a period consisting of a couple of weeks. The saying that ?history is written by the victors? holds true here. After Malcolm ascended to power he proceeded to rewrite history to make his family justified in overthrowing Macbeth. This editing of history made the real Macbeth darker and more evil and made King Duncan, making him more docile and kind. The Celtic customs of succession were ignored in Shakespeare's play, and with that, so was Macbeth's claim to the throne by being the worthiest of the kinsman. Due to the amount and context of the information used by Shakespeare, I have decided to go through Shakespeare's Macbeth explaining the play and then summarizing the information from Holinshed's and explaining the parallels. In the paragraphs pertaining to the plot of Shakespeare's Macbeth, I will use the names given by the author (e.g. Macbeth, Macduff, Banquo, etc.). To avoid confusion as to what is being discussed (Shakespeare's story line or how he uses Holinshed's), bold type will be used when referring to Holinshed's work ( I will also use the chronicler's spellings of the names -- e.g. Makbeth, Makduffe, Banquho), while plain type will be used when referring to Shakespeare's plot. The page numbers cited in reference to Holinshed's pertain to W.G. Broswell-Stone's 1896 printing of Shakespeare's Holinshed. Shakespeare's Macbeth opens on three witches. They speak in rhymes that sound like magical incantations, they then agree to meet again when the battle between Scotland and Norway, (from which Macbeth is about to return) is over. One of the witches says that they will soon meet with Macbeth. We are then taken from the heath on which the witches met, to King Duncan's court. A messenger returns from the war with Norway with news of victory, due mostly to Macbeth's bravery. Other soldiers enter and report that Macdonwald, the Thane of Cawdor, assisted the enemy, but that Duncan's forces had won despite the betrayal. King Duncan declares a death sentence on Macdonwald and bestows his title (Thane of Cawdor) upon Macbeth, who has not yet returned or been told of this honor. In Holinshed's (pg. 168-170) Makdonwald, the Thane of Cawdor, rebels against the King with the assistance of troops from Ireland. Makbeth and Banquho are dispatched to put down the rebellion. Shakespeare deviates from Holinshed's here, by saying that Macbeth defeats Macdonwald in battle, while in Holinshed's, Makdonwald, seeing the size and ferocity of Makbeth's forces, kills his family and then himself, as to avoid capture. Makbeth finds the body, decapitates the slain noble and parades around with Makdonwald's head on a pole, then chases the recently arrived army from Norway back to their ships. For Makbeth's courage and tactics in battle, he is granted the slain Thane's lands and riches. Macbeth and his friend Banquo encounter the witches on their way home from the battlefield. The witches call to Macbeth, saying: ?All hail! (I, iii, 47-50) calling him by his present title, the Thane of Glamis, as well as the Thane of Cawdor, and proclaiming that he ?shalt be King hereafter. Macbeth, having not yet heard of his promotion to Thane of Cawdor is confused. But the idea of becoming king intrigues him. Banquo asks the witches about their predictions for him, and they respond, in their usual ways of half-truths and contradiction, that he will be Lesser than Macbeth, and greater?, ?Not so happy yet much happier? and ?Though shalt get kings though thou be none (I, iii, 65-67). Macbeth demands that the witches give him an explanation for their prophecy, but they vanish. Soon after this strange occurrence, Macbeth and Banquo are greeted by the King's messengers. They inform Macbeth of his new title, the Thane of Cawdor. Macbeth tells Banquo that this is proof that the witches' prophecies are true. Macbeth's continues to think about becoming king, and he wonders if he will have to commit murder to attain what he has been promised . The scene ends with Macbeth whispering to Banquo that they must discuss all that has happened at a more appropriate time. This scene was taken almost verbatim from Holinshed's. Makbeth and Banquho encountered the witches or ?weird sisters? and were greeted with ?All haile, Makbeth, thane of Glammis!?, ?Haile, Makbeth, thane of Cawder!?,

Consider the significance of t essays

Consider the significance of t essays Consider the significance of the auteur theory to the development of film theory and film culture. Is it still a relevant concept? In this essay, I shall endeavor to outline the beginnings of the auteur theory, and show the arguments that support and oppose the relevance of the auteur theory in modern film. It is my opinion that it is still relevant, though ultimately only to the individual. That is; the theory may be more relevant to a follower of the industry, and in particular a follower of a certain director, than to a person who takes a film at face value and has no interest in its connection with past works. There are a number of arguments both favouring, and against this theory, which I will look further into. I will concentrate on the work of Steven Spielberg, showing the influences through his work and the relevance they have with regard to auteur theory. Arising in France in the late 1940s, the auteur theory was the production of the cinematic theories of Andr Bazin and Alexandre Astruc. The theory of director as author was first put forward in Bazin's periodical Cahiers du cinema, (founded in 1951). Two of its theoreticians, Franà §ois Truffaut and Jean-Luc Godard, later became major directors of the French New Wave . Unknown, (02/12/2000 [A-level Film Studies Tutorial, online]). The auteur theory means that a film is most valuable when it is the product of the director, and his personal style, rather than taken as the content of the film. The influences of the director can therefore be seen through all of his works, with aspects of his personal life often seen, portrayed in different manners, through each film. Ideally the director can be identified by watching the film, without knowing previously who is responsible for it. A term also used closely in conjunction with the auteur is the metteur en scene. Cahier critics distinguished between auteurs and metteurs en scene. The term metteurs...

Does History Repeat itself Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Does History Repeat itself - Research Paper Example Today, we still relive the sinking of Titanic. The truly amazing invincible ship created by mankind was said to be unsinkable. Now we glance back and say if perhaps those who work in charge might have listened. There are several events in everyday life that warrant listening, or even the outcome may cause the painful regrets. Then, you will find others which are like water on the duck’s back; you are able to shake them back. Whenever we don’t remember to learn from history, it’s determined to repeat itself. There's a prediction in the Bible that will repeat itself, and the sad thing is that people still won’t listen (Gary L. Pleasant). Based on some school of thoughts, â€Å"The things which took place within history will never be same happening in present. Instances might occur which are similar, but they are never exactly similar. To investigate this statement we must know precisely what's meant by the phrase ‘History always repeats itself’ . History is written down records of the past, but there might be several versions of the event. Always means all the time, constantly, constantly and continuously. And repeat means something which happens over and over without exceptions. Therefore the statement means an event needs to occur continuously in the same situation again and again over time, with similar factors influencing it. It's impossible for something to occur over and over without exception also it being exactly the same as time before, because things are never stand still; also it can never be the same as the previous time (Harbison, 1990). Based on another school of thoughts, history record of events, as of the life span and development of people or institution, often including a reason of or commentary on those events. History includes a long and wide perspective for example the histories of people, the greater society as in historical events, kings, queens, wars, a history of Vikings, chronicle of volcanoes an d natural events, an inmate with history of drug abuse, chronicle from the rivalry, history of Shakespeare etc. Chesterton continues this simile the following: â€Å"Without some such contrast or comparison, without some such shifting from the perspective, we ought to see nothing whatever in our own social surroundings. We ought to take them for granted since the only possible social surroundings.† (Scott, 2007) Undoubtedly â€Å"history does repeat itself†; being human no-one can ever appear to go above greed, envy, hatred, blood lust, and desire to have power, resulting engage in same scenarios again and again. Taking into consideration illustration of 1812, when Napoleon headed French Troops into Russia for number of reasons. Only because of insufficient proper planning entire invasion along with a tendency to reside from the land drawn in early pushes, Napoleon’s Army was defeated through the Russian weather. Likewise in 1942 Hitler ordered about 4. 5 millio n German along with other Axis troops to invade into Russia, due to the fact he thought simple to use target. Because of insufficient proper planning full extent of invasion and ability of the Soviet Army to trade land and soldiers for time, Hitler’s Army was defeated. Both in examples the leaders exceeded their grasp seriously underestimated the resolve from the Russian/Soviet people and government. Logistical difficulties reared their head, due to the

Reaction to the Movie Passion of the Christ Essay

Reaction to the Movie Passion of the Christ - Essay Example (The Making of The Passion of the Christ, 2003). As a believer in Jesus Christ and the Bible, I fully understand the miracle of how this movie beat all odds and logic to be aired in such a controversial world that is against anything that is Christian and Godly. Its production, its airing, its rating, everything surpassed logic. To me, it was God-ordained and inspired as only a very famous and well-liked celebrity such as Gibson, one with so much influence, could be chosen (by God) to get the job done. If I were an "ordinary" person, it would probably not have passed all objections. Not only this, but Gibson funded it with his own money so it did not need the approval and funds of anyone else. A movie with this much violence with an R-rating would normally cause parents to not allow their children to view and a movie about religion, a specific religion (Christianity), no less, would definitely not bring in the masses.

Economic Factors Building

Economic Factors Building Economic and legislative factors influence the design team and contractor throughout the building project from inception to completion In this assignment, I am going to highlight the various factors which influence the building project from inception to completion in India. If we consider place as one of the factor for construction economics, it will be fix as India as a country. in this assignment I am going to briefly describe a PEST analysis and its influence on the project. Introduction: Lets see what is Economics? Economics is the social science that studies the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services.(Wikipedia) The science which studies human behavior as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses(Lionel Robbins,1932). PEST analysis is one of the best tools describing economic factors. PEST analysis consist of following major factors which strongly influence on the building projects from inception to completion. PEST factors are as follows- Political Factors Economic Factors Social Factors Technological Factors Some of the other factors which has also strong influence on the building project economy can be as follows Buyer Power Supplier power Michael Porters five force factors Stock Market performance Industry outlook Apart from the above factors we need to understand what is project and what are the stages of project Project: Project is the definition of planning, organising and managing resource to bring about the successful completion of specific project goals and objectives(Wikipedia) Following are the main stages in the construction projects: 1)Conceptualization 2)Pre Construction 3)Construction and execution 4)Post construction and handover to the client. Indian Construction Industry Scenario: The Indian construction industry recorded a consistent double digit year on year growth of 12% during 2001-05 and is expected to grow at 25%-30 % during 2005-10.the key drivers of this growth are government investment in infrastructure creation and real estate demand in the residential and industrial sectors. The Indian construction industry has been enjoying a strong growth with the infrastructure and the commercial sectors are the forefront of this. India expects its economy to grow by 8.7% in the financial ending March. Growth remains strong in the countrys services, construction and communications sectors. Indias economy expanded by 9.6% in the year ended march 2007.despite the forecast of slower growth, India is still the worlds fastest growing economy after China. India has become a center for US and Uk firms that want to outsource services. European and US firms have flocked to India in recent years attracted by its huge domestic market and well educated and productive workforce. The telecom and property sectors have seen the most substantial foreign interest. Buoyant foreign investment levels have boosted stock markets and contributed to consistently strong economic growth in recent years. India has recorded the highest construction spending growth 2005, driven by infrastructure and real estate sectors. The introduction of REITS(Real estate Investment Trusts)by mobilizing capital markets will further accelerate real estate growth. Technological developments like ready-mix concrete, 3-D Modeling and mobile computing are gradually being adopted. Construction activity is the integral part of the countys infrastructure and industrial developments. It includes hospitals, schools, townships, offices, houses and other buildings. The construction sector has major linkages with the building material industry since construction material accounts for sizeable share of the construction costs. These include cement steel, bricks/tiles, sand/aggregates, fixtures/fittings, paints and chemicals, construction equipment, petrol products, timbers, mineral products, aluminum, glass and plastics. The construction sector is one of the largest employers in the country. It employed a7.62 million workers in 2000-05.The sector has recorded highest growth in generation of jobs in last two decades, doubling its share in total employment. The share of construction sector in gross domestic product(GDP)which was 5.4 %in 1990-91,came down to 4.4% in 1999-00.Subsequently it picked up and stood at 5.1%in 2000-05.clearly there has been a decline in the share of construction sector in the GDP. The main reason for this is reduced government spending on physical infrastructure in last decade due to fiscal constraints. though their has now been an increasing emphasis on involving the private sector in infrastructure development through public private partnerships and mechanism as build own operate(BOT),private sector investment has not reached the expected levels. Political factors include following issues: Ecological/ Environmental issues Current legislation Home market Regulatory bodies and processes Government policies. Ecological/environmental issues: Environmental impacts must be considered at several junctures in the planning and design of a building project. First environmental issues play an important role in the site selection. Once the site is selected and design commences, plant and site design must incorporate environmental controls that will minimize the impacts to the human and natural environment during construction and operation. The environmental issues associated with building construction are, the site features, neighboring land uses and ecological conditions, specific facility components and design and level of community interest are all factors determining the nature and extent of environmental impact review. The issue can range from minor considerations of land disturbance to more significant environmental impacts caused by truck traffic or major alterations to sensitive ecological areas. Current legislation home markets: Recent past earthquakes (Uttarkashi 1991,Latur 1993 and Bhuj 2001) have clearly exposed the vulnerability of building. So Ministry of Home affairs, Government Of India constituted the Techno legal regime in country which follows earthquake resistant features specified in Indian standards and Building Codes. Following are some of the central legislation/ guidelines: Model Town and Country planning Act Vulnerability Atlas of India 1997 National Building Code State levels legislation Indian standard codes Regulatory Bodies and processes: As a designer of the building one has to consider the regulatory norms of national building code and local municipal authority norms for the total buildup area. A building code is a document containing standardized requirement for the design and construction of most types of building. Codes regulate building construction and building use in order to protect the health, safety and welfare of the occupant. Code express all aspects of construction including structural integrity, fire resistance, safe exits, lighting, electrical, energy conservation, plumbing, correct use of construction materials. Government Policies: As in any democracy, policy decisions are often taken in India on purely political grounds, some of the policy change example which affects the building project are Ceiling over agriculture land Special economic zone act 100% investment of foreign money in SEZ Cement priced reduced for state infrastructure projects. Special Economic zone policy was announced in April 2000.this policy intended to make SEZ an engine for economic growth supported by quality infrastructure complemented by an attractive fiscal package, both at centre and at state level with minimum possible regulations. Economic Factors: Home economy situation General taxation issues Market and trade cycles Interest rates Exchange rates Stock Market Home economy situation: India is projecting a 8.7% growth in current fiscal year. The government has set a target of 9%GDP during 11th five year plan(2007-12).This represents the declaration from the unexpectedly high growth of 9.4% and 9.6% respectively in the previous year. India is not bad as most developed nations economies are going down marginally. So from Building project point of view Indias economy is good. General taxation rules: In recent year India has imposed 12% VAT on most of the construction material. But has lifted the local octrio systems of the municipalities. In Special Economic zones Government exempted companies operating in these zones from sales tax. So these are important factor building construction to calculate the projected cash flows. Exchange Rates: With demand for foreign exchange not keeping pace with the supply of foreign exchange, the rupee appreciated by 8.9% against the US dollar during current fiscal years 2007+08.The rupee appreciation against the US dollar over past 12 months on year basis at a3.2% was even higher. Rupee appreciation is also one of the major factor in building project from material and sell point of view. Stock Markets: Stock markets are an important instrument of financial intermediation. They saw from increased activity in 2007-08. primary market issue of debt and equity increased along with private placement. the secondary market too show rising trend. The Bombay stock exchange(BSE) sensex rose from 13072 at end March 2007 to 18048 as on February 2008 while the national Stock exchange(NSE)index Nifty 50 rose 3822 to 5277 during the same period. It shows the share prices are increasing and companies have good time to collect money from the market through IPO to grab new project or investment in new projects. Interest rates: This is one of the main economic factor from building construction project point of view. One has to calculate the ratio of investment in the project to return generated from the projects. It is essential to decide whether project is economical viable or not. Otherwise it is better to put money in bank and get interest on it if rate are high than return rate.

Doctor

In order to keep the sand dunes at Scrofula/Wanda economically sustainable there are several strategies that had to be done so they wouldn't be destroyed in the near future. Since there were an increasing number of people going to Scrofula to use the sand dunes, the council, state and commonwealth had the act quick to save the sand dunes. The strategies that were used for sand dune management in the Scrofula area include dune reverberation, polymers covering, walkways, and fencing.Dune Reverberation has been used in the Scrofula/Wanda area for the management of sand dunes because it removes weeds and harmful materials which may affect the condition of the sand dunes. By controlling noxious and environmental weeds, irrigating the planting areas, planting recommended dune species and installing wind protection fences, removing bitumen and other debris from the dunes and access roads, replacing the fences, the dunes can be reverberated so that they may main in a stable condition for fut ure generations.The second strategy is to install a network of paths and barriers to prevent people from shifting the sand dunes. Surfers often check the conditions of the beach by looking over them at the dunes. They run up to the top of them so they can get a view of where there are good waves or not. In summer, an astonishing number of surfers will flock to the beach. The result of those people all running up the dune would cause displacement of the sand and weakening of the dunes.To solve the need for people to travel around the beach, the council has installed walkways to provide a path around the area which doesn't involve people walking or treading on the sand dunes. The dunes have been fenced off in case any people wonder off and don't walk on the pathways. On top of that, board and chain stairs have been put put in to protect the sloped areas of the beach which may be vulnerable to deformation. Finally, polymers has been laid over areas of bare sand to stop sand blowingâ₠¬ ¦

Eng 115

Assignment 2. 2: The Public Needs to Know – 49 Million People are Experiencing Hunger in America Lisa Jenkins Strayer University ENG 115 Amy Sloan The economic conditions surrounding our food pantries today are that the demand from patrons experiencing food insecurity has risen dramatically, while donations from outside sources are lessening. Other factors include the increasingly higher cost of fuel and food, a change in desire for fresh foods versus canned, the ability to store these types of foods and the willingness for enough volunteers to lend a hand.Food pantries depend on a large amount of donations from large food chains and manufacturers. These types of donations are decreasing due to new technologies in the industry that help optimize productions, therefore lessening the amount of product that is overproduced. According to Feeding America, â€Å"Hunger in America exists for nearly 49 million people. That is one in six of the U. S. population – including more than one in five children. † (http://feedingamerica. org 2012) The USDA reports that 1 in 4 Americans access programs that provide food assistance through the federal government. (www. USDA. ov 2012 p. 1)The unemployment rate for 2011 was 8. 9%, a small decrease from previous years. (www. USDA. gov 2012 p. 5) It appears that the economy of America is not improving. Food assistance is no longer only for the homeless and unemployed. A majority of patrons receiving food assistance from food pantries report that at least one adult is employed in the household. Food insecurity does not only exist in the suburbs anymore. Growing populations of those in need of food assistance live in rural areas and do not always have access to food pantries. Food insecurity is growing expeditiously in the U. S. nd currently exists in every county in America. More women, children and elderly are experiencing food insecurity than ever before. The patrons of food pantries are no longer visiting only in emergency situations. The trend now is for those patrons to use food pantries to supplement their food sources on a regular basis. The special needs of those served at food pantries include the need and desire for fresh fruits, vegetables, dairy and proteins to ensure proper nutritional needs are being met. Reports show that children and adults that are not eating properly will suffer physically and mentally in regards to their health.This is especially important with children who are still developing. Children that are food insecure will most likely not do well academically; have lower test scores, experience depression and behavioral problems in school. Women that are not receiving proper nutrition during pregnancy may experience complications during child birth and could give birth to low birth weight babies. Adults need access to nutritional foods so that they can maintain a healthy lifestyle and try to keep their self-esteem during this difficult time.The elderly may have fo od restrictions due to current medications that are taken for health reasons or might be handicapped and need assistance getting food delivered or prepared. The importance of helping those in need of receiving access to nutritional foods is of the utmost importance to the future of our nation. Some of the programs provided by Feeding America for Children are: The Kids Cafe, Back Pack Program, Summer Food Program, and The School Pantry Program. Essentially the purpose of each of these programs is to provide nutritious meals for children in need.The Kids Cafe provides meals and snacks at after school programs and churches. The Back Pack Program sends nutritious foods and snacks home with school children to provide food they might not have otherwise received over the week end. The Summer Food Program provides meals during the summer at safe and easy to access locations. Several programs are also available for pregnant women and the elderly. The National Produce Program has partnerships with growers to provide bulk sources of fresh foods available for distribution to Feeding America food banks.This includes special packing to insure freshness. More nutritious foods are being made available to the food insecure through the national Produce Program than ever before. Contact your local food bank to find out which services are offered or how to help. The benefits of all the programs provided by Feeding America are insurmountable. Providing fresh, wholesome nutritional foods to men, women and children that might otherwise do without helps those individuals live healthier more productive lives.Helping others with food insecurity will hopefully help those individuals eventually be able to help themselves and to turn things around so that one day they will be able to provide for themselves. The sense of urgency of the situation needs to be spread to individuals, corporations, local governments and politicians, as well as federal government in hopes that everyone’s awareness will encourage people to take action to help end hunger in the richest country in the world. (See figure 2. ) The importance of helping those in need of receiving access to nutritional foods is of the utmost importance to our nation.The number of those in need of assistance has more than tripled since the beginning of the most recent economic downturn. Costs of foods and gasoline are not stabilizing. More and more people are losing their jobs due to economic downturn and/or American jobs are being eliminated by U. S. corporations and then those same jobs are moved to other countries where corporations can pay lower wages and benefits to the people of those countries. These actions by large corporations and the government are not helping to turn the economy around. These actions are not helping to put food in the hands of Americans that are in need.No longer should those individuals that can help sit back and do nothing. There is no reason why the richest country in the wor ld should have over 15% of its population experiencing hunger and food insecurity. There is no reason why almost 17 million American children should not have nutritional meals available to them every day. Our government, corporations and individuals are needed to help make a difference. After all it is our responsibility to help others in need. References Feeding America (2012) Hunger in America Retrieved from Feeding America website: http://feedingamerica. rg/hunger-in-america. aspx Feeding America (2012) Hunger in America: Hunger and Poverty Statistics. Retrieved from Feeding America website: http://feedingamerica. org/hunger-in-america/hunger-facts/hunger-and-poverty-statistics. aspx (Figure 1) http://feedingamerica. org/get-involved. aspx (Figure 2) USDA Economic Research Service U. S. Department of Agriculture Economic Information Bulletin No. 93 March 2012 retrieved from USDA website: http://www. ers. usda. gov/media/376910/eib93_1_. pdf (p. 1) USDA Economic Research Service U . S. Department of Agriculture Economic Information Bulletin No. 3 March 2012 retrieved from USDA website: http://www. ers. usda. gov/media/376910/eib93_1_. pdf (p. 5) Hunger & Poverty Statistics Although related, food insecurity and poverty are not the same. Unemployment rather than poverty is a stronger predictor of food insecurity. Povertyi * In 2010, 46. 2 million people (15. 1 percent) were in poverty. * In 2010, 9. 2 million (11. 7 percent) families were in poverty. * In 2010, 26. 3 million (13. 7 percent) of people ages 18-64 were in poverty. * In 2010, 16. 4 million (22. 0 percent) children under the age of 18 were in poverty. In 2010, 3. 5 million (9. 0 percent) seniors 65 and older were in poverty. * The overall Poverty Rate according to the Supplemental Poverty Measure is 16. 0%, as compared with the official poverty rate of 15. 1%. ii * Under the Supplemental Poverty Measure, there are 49. 1 million people living in poverty, 2. 5 million more than are represented by the official poverty measure (46. 2 million). iii Food Insecurity and Very Low Food Securityiv * In 2010, 48. 8 million Americans lived in food insecure households, 32. 6 million adults and 16. 2 million children. In 2010, 14. 5 percent of households (17. 2 million households) were food insecure. * In 2010, 5. 4 percent of households (6. 4 million households) experienced very low food security. * In 2010, households with children reported food insecurity at a significantly higher rate than those without children, 20. 2 percent compared to 11. 7 percent. * In 2010, households that had higher rates of food insecurity than the national average included households with children (20. 2 percent), especially households with children headed by single women (35. 1 percent) or single men (25. percent), Black non-Hispanic households (25. 1 percent) and Hispanic households (26. 2 percent). * In 2009, 8. 0 percent of seniors living alone (925,000 households) were food insecure. * Food insecurity exi sts in every county in America, ranging from a low of 5 percent in Steele County, ND to a high of 38 percent in Wilcox County, AL. v Nine states exhibited statistically significant higher household food insecurity rates than the U. S. national average 2008-2010:iv United States 14. 6% Mississippi 19. 4% Texas 18. 8% Arkansas 18. 6% Alabama 17. 3% Georgia 16. 9% Ohio 16. 4%Florida 16. 1% California 15. 9% North Carolina 15. 7% Use of Emergency Food Assistance and Federal Food Assistance Programsvi * In 2010, 4. 8 percent of all U. S. households (5. 6 million households) accessed emergency food from a food pantry one or more times. 2 * In 2010, 59. 2 percent of food-insecure households participated in at least one of the three major Federal food assistance programs –Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (formerly Food Stamp Program), The National School Lunch Program, and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children. Feeding America provides e mergency food assistance to an estimated 37 million low-income people annually, a 46 percent increase from 25 million since Hunger in America 2010. * Among members of Feeding America, 74 percent of pantries, 65 percent of kitchens, and 54 percent of shelters reported that there had been an increase since 2006 in the number of clients who come to their emergency food program sites. i U. S. Census Bureau. Carmen DeNavas-Walt, B. Proctor, C. Lee. Income, Poverty, and Heath Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2010.September 2011. ii The Research Supplemental Poverty Measure: 2010. (2011). U. S. Census Bureau. iii Ibid. iv USDA. Coleman-Jensen, A. , Nord, M. , Andrews, M. , & Carlson, S. Household Food Security in the United States in 2010. v Feeding America. Gundersen, G. , Waxman, E. , Engelhard, E. , Del Vecchio, T. , Satoh, A. , & Lopez-Betanzos, A. Map the Meal Gap 2012. vi Rhoda Cohen, J. , Mabli, F. , Potter, Z. , Zhao. Mathematica Policy Research, Feeding America. Hunger in America 2010. [i] U. S. Department of Labor. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 010 Annual Average Unemployment Rates. Figure 1. Feeding America 2012 Hunger in America Hunger Facts: Hunger and Poverty Statistics Retrieved from Feeding America website: http://feedingamerica. org/hunger-in-america/hunger-facts/hunger-and-poverty-statistics. aspx Get Involved With nearly 49 million Americans struggling with hunger, it is going to take efforts from many people to help alleviate this issue. There are many ways to help in the cause. Figure 2. Feeding America 2012 Retrieved from Feeding America website: http://feedingamerica. org/get-involved. aspx